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Green Synthesis of Methyl Palmitate as Biodiesel Main Target Compound by Organic Alkalis Based Deep Eutectic Solvents

Y.J. Lee, Y.R. Lee and K.H. Row*

Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea

*Corresponding author: Fax: +82 32 8720959; Tel: +82 32 8607470; E-mail: rowkho@inha.ac.kr
Abstract

The green synthesis of methyl palmitate as a biodiesel main target compound was developed by the esterification of palmitic acid over organic alkali-based deep eutectic solvents. Three organic alkali-based deep eutectic solvents were assessed as catalysts for the synthesis in this study. The optimal deep eutectic solvent was prepared from choline chloride and glycerol (1:5) and the methanol to deep eutectic solvent ratio was 20 % (v:v). The reaction was optimized at a methanol/palmitic acid ratio of 10:1 (methanol 10 mL, palmitic acid 1 mg) at 30 °C for 60 min. Under optimized conditions, good calibration curves were obtained at phenolic acid concentrations, ranging from 10 to 500 μg/mL. The method recovery ranged from 99.2 to 99.8 % and the inter-day and intra-day relative standard deviations were less than 5 %. Under deep eutectic solvent catalysis, the methyl palmitate yield was 92.5 %. Overall, organic alkali-based deep eutectic solvents are expected to find applications in the preparation of biodiesel.
Keywords

Deep eutectic solvents, Biodiesel, Organic alkalis, Methyl palmitate, Palmitic acid.
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